This way, in general, nature zeroes out. Maybe the entire Universe is such a quantum fluctuation? Maybe everything around us was created thanks to such a loan! He adds that before the Universe disappeared, it has already developed and enriched. He adds: "To create a theory that would explain whether the Universe is a quantum fluctuation, we would have to combine the theory of gravity with quantum mechanics. And not only we do not have this theory, we can not see it on the horizon".
Wrochna encourages young people to try to unravel this conundrum. Przed dodaniem komentarza prosimy o zapoznanie z Regulaminem forum serwisu Nauka w Polsce.
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That particle contains only two quarks, making it simpler to simulate than the three-quark proton. Even so, they had to tailor their code to use the network efficiently. Although physicists expected theory to match experiment eventually, it is an important landmark.
That will allow physicists to test QCD, and look for effects beyond known physics. A vacuum might seem like empty space, but scientists have discovered a new way to seemingly get something from that nothingness, such as light. And the finding could ultimately help scientists build incredibly powerful quantum computers or shed light on the earliest moments in the universe's history.
Quantum physics explains that there are limits to how precisely one can know the properties of the most basic units of matter—for instance, one can never absolutely know a particle's position and momentum at the same time.
These virtual particles often appear in pairs that near-instantaneously cancel themselves out. Still, before they vanish, they can have very real effects on their surroundings. For instance, photons—packets of light—can pop in and out of a vacuum. When two mirrors are placed facing each other in a vacuum, more virtual photons can exist around the outside of the mirrors than between them, generating a seemingly mysterious force that pushes the mirrors together.
This phenomenon, predicted in by the Dutch physicist Hendrick Casimir and known as the Casimir effect , was first seen with mirrors held still. Researchers also predicted a dynamical Casimir effect that can result when mirrors are moved, or objects otherwise undergo change.
The speed of light in a vacuum is constant, according to Einstein's theory of relativity, but its speed passing through any given material depends on a property of that substance known as its index of refraction. By varying a material's index of refraction, researchers can influence the speed at which both real and virtual photons travel within it.
The researchers began with an array of superconducting quantum-interference devices, or SQUIDs—circuits that are extraordinarily sensitive to magnetic fields. They inserted the array inside a refrigerator. By carefully exerting magnetic fields on this array, they could vary the speed at which microwave photons traveled through it by a few percent.
The researchers then cooled this array to 50 thousandths of a degree Celsius above absolute zero.
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