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Yes, let me download! That means that in certain areas more than 80 percent of the local water supply is withdrawn by businesses, farmers, residents and other consumers every year. With chronic over-use of water resources, it only takes a string of a few bad rainfall years or poor management decisions to plunge a region into crisis and chaos. Click to enlarge. And indeed, that is what we appear to be seeing across the world over the past few years.
Reservoir levels fell precipitously, as did crop production and industrial water use. A number of cities, including Melbourne, Sydney and Perth, built desalination plants in an effort to partially drought-proof themselves, while other areas pursued grey water recycling projects. Other critics pointed to low water prices as the culprit for the crisis. Low water prices, it is often argued, result in profligate water use and low investment in water-efficient infrastructure.
Nowhere on Earth are groundwater declines greater than in northern India; NASA found that large-scale irrigation caused cubic kilometers of groundwater loss in Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Delhi between and If measures are not taken to ensure sustainable groundwater usage, the consequences for the million residents of the region may include a collapse of agricultural output and severe shortages of potable water.
Some experts laid the blame on the severe drought affecting northern India. Its onset and intensity are usually measured in terms of a water deficiency, but its manifestations are often poor plant-growth, dust storms, deficient and polluted water supplies, and distressed economies and ecosystems.
The water deficiencies are generally due to natural causes, but they are exacerbated by the steadily growing demand for and dependence on this limited resource. The effects of drought differ with each drought and among crops, water resources, forests, different economies and other entities.
Drought is usually considered in the context of agriculture, but it seriously affects many sectors of activity. Forest fires are largely the product of drought. Decreased water levels in lakes and streams can greatly penalize inland navigation, fish production, recreation and hydropower generation.
Urbanization has led to greatly increased demands for water that, in many instances, cannot readily be met by storage systems. Strict regulation of use and the imposition of major penalties for misuse is now frequently imposed in cities to protect supplies in times of drought. Since each drought is different and there may be long time-spans between droughts, there is a need for systems to make known and available the many available technologies.
Above all there is a continuing need, in all vulnerable countries and internationally, for short- and long-term planning based on the pooled wisdom of many disciplines. That planning must consider more than simple projections of the water-demand. It must examine possible increases in vulnerability posed by industrial development, urbanization, water transfers, land-use change and other major water-related activities.
The planning process should be supported by a monitoring system, a technology referral system, — and research to enhance technologies and to overcome our inability to predict droughts and their effects on a community and a country. Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF. Skip to main content. This service is more advanced with JavaScript available. Advertisement Hide. Authors Authors and affiliations G.
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