The designer of the iconic Underground map, Harry Beck, based his design on an electrical circuit diagram. The average speed on the Underground is On the Metropolitan line, trains can reach over 60 mph. Photo by Tomas Anton Escobar on Unsplash The shortest distance between two adjacent stations on the network is only metres and the longest is 6. The tunnels on the Central line twist and turn because they follow the curves of London's medieval street plan.
The Underground was funded entirely by private companies until the 's. Alcohol was banned on the Tube and all London Transport from June During the three-hour morning peak, the busiest Tube station is Waterloo, with around 57, people entering.
Every week, Underground escalators travel the equivalent distance of going twice around the world. Penalty fares were only introduced in The Jubilee Line is the only one to connect with all the other Underground Lines.
Over 1, bodies lie beneath Aldgate station, which is built over a plague pit from The London Underground has a staggering stations. The longest possible single journey on one train is 34 miles, between West Ruislip and Epping on the Central Line.
On the columns at Temple station, there are small temple-shaped emblems at the bases. If completed on time it will have taken nine years for Crossrail to be completed.
Just 70 years after it was first proposed. Kennington is the only surviving City and South London Railway station that remains close to its original condition, still featuring a domed roof. Queen Elizabeth II was the first reigning monarch to take the Tube, when she took the inaugural ride on the Victoria line from Green Park. In the s only basic signage — the station name and exit — was provided on the Underground. In a photographic survey was taken of all station exteriors in order to establish ways in which a more uniform design style could be achieved.
Etiquette posters warning people to move down the car and to let passengers off first have been produced since the early years of the Tube, some by celebrated cartoonist George Morrow. The Victoria line commissioned artists to produce original tile motifs for each station, including the seven trees which give Seven Sisters its name. The Underground was central to evacuating children and expectant mothers from London to the countryside in Within a couple of days, London Transport successfully evacuated , vulnerable Londoners.
During the war, signs warning passengers to carry their gas marks were on display at every Underground station. Despite having been previously used as shelters in , the government felt that the Underground should be used for transport, not shelter.
On 7 September , the East End experienced the first of many heavy bombing raids. People rushed to the Underground stations and staff were unable to resist. Many people got round the Tube sheltering ban by buying cheap penny travel tickets and then refusing to leave the platforms. Trains continued to run throughout the blitz, leading to especially crowded stations mixed with travellers and those seeking shelter.
Some communities of shelterers on the Underground set up committees and newsletters to campaign for better facilities. On 8 October the government announced a U-turn and ended the unenforceable ban on sheltering in the Tube. By the end of the war there were over 22, beds installed in Underground stations. Between September and May , people were killed when Tube shelters were hit directly by bombs.
One of the worst bombing incidents to affect the Underground shelters was on 14 October, when a bomb pierced the road surface, killing 64 people sheltering on the platform below. On 13 January , Bank station was hit, killing 56 people. Details of the incident were strictly censored. The worst single incident to occur in London during the war was on 3 March , when people were crushed to death in a stairwell at Bethnal Green station — not a single bomb was dropped on the capital that night.
Already subscribed? Log in. Forgotten your password? Want an ad-free experience? View offers. By the end of the first three months, a million people - that was half of the population of London at the time - passed through, making it the most successful visitor attraction in the world. On 10 January , the Metropolitan Railway opened the world's first underground railway. The railway was built between Paddington which was called Bishop's Road back then and Farringdon Street.
Many more lines would be added to the Underground railway network over the years, but most of it was developed over the next 50 years. On 7 January , the first steam train travelled through the Thames Tunnel. Eventually, enough money had been made from tourists visiting the tunnel so it could be developed to transport cargo under the river. This is what the tunnel was originally built for!
Given that there were no ventilation shafts to let the smoke out of the tunnel - as it was built underneath a river! It wasn't until that the rail would be made electric. On 18 December , the world's first electric railway deep underground was opened.
This meant that the Tube could develop much more than it had before, as they didn't need vents for steam and smoke from the engines to escape the tunnels anymore. Electric trains meant the tunnels could go much deeper underground and even travel on top of each of other. Every one of its 29 stations is shared with another Tube line. The name 'Underground' first appeared in stations and the very first electric ticket machine was also introduced.
It was also the first year that the famous circle logo was used for the Tube, which is still used to this day. In the years to come, advancements in technology would transform the Underground. In , Earl's Court station got London's very first escalators and in , the doors of the Tube stopped being operated by hand.
One of the most famous images associated with the Tube is the colourful map of all of the lines. In , a man called Harry Beck presented the first diagram of the Underground map as we know it today. He based his design on an electrical circuit instead of drawing the Tube lines exactly where they were geographically.
A test run of around copies were distributed from a handful of stations in , after which , copies were printed in
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