He was an Italian pedagogue living in Venice who allegedly assigned homework as a punishment to lackluster students. In , education and formal schooling, especially in Europe, was reserved for the noble classes and the wealthy. It would have been impossible for him to have been the creator of homework in the modern sense.
Another culprit according to the internet lived a thousand years before Roberto Nevilis. He apparently asked his students to practice their oratory skills at home, which some people consider one of the first official versions of homework. It is difficult to say with any certainty if this is the first time homework was assigned though because the idea of asking students to practice something outside classes probably existed in every human civilization for millennia.
To answer the question of who invented homework and why, at least in the modern sense, we have to talk about Horace Mann. Horace Mann was an American educator and politician in the 19th century who was heavily influenced by movements in the newly-formed German state.
He is credited for bringing massive educational reform to America, and can definitely be considered the father of modern homework in the United States. However, his ideas were heavily influenced by the founding father of German nationalism Johann Gottlieb Fichte. After the defeat of Napoleon and the liberation of Prussia in , citizens went back to their own lives, there was no sense of national pride or German identity.
Johann Gottlieb Fichte came up with the idea of Volkschule, a mandatory 9-year educational system provided by the government to combat this.
Homework already existed in Germany at this point in time but it became a requirement in Volkschule. Fichte wasn't motivated purely by educational reform, he wanted to demonstrate the positive impact and power of a centralized government, and assigning homework was a way of showing the state's power to influence personal and public life. This effort to make citizens more patriotic worked and the system of education and homework slowly spread through Europe. Horace Mann saw the system at work during a trip to Prussia in the s and brought many of the concepts to America, including homework.
Now that we understand a little bit about the complicated history of homework, it's easy to see that homework meant different things at different points of time in history and had different goals and objectives. The objectives of homework have evolved over the past years but now are basically the following.
With all these benefits it seems obvious that homework is important, but the history of homework in the 20th century is complicated. Thanks to Horace Mann, homework had become widespread in the American schooling system by , but it wasn't universally popular amongst either students or parents.
In , California became the first state to ban homework. Since homework had made its way into the American educational system there had always been people who were against it for some surprising reasons. Back then, children were expected to help on farms and family businesses, so homework was unpopular amongst parents who expected their children to help out at home.
Many students also dropped out of school early because they found homework tedious and difficult. Publications like Ladies' Home Journal and The New York Times printed statements and articles about the detrimental effects of homework on children's health.
The industrial revolution brought about child labor laws for the first time in American history. These laws stipulated how many hours a week children were allowed to work. The argument was made that homework counts as child labor and therefore exceeded the number of hours they were allowed to work. The practice of giving homework is said to have existed before Nevilis in ancient Roman and Greek empires. However, it was only with Nevilis that it became formalized.
Homework came to be seen as a means of motivation for students to engage in classroom learning post school hours. In the absence of such a motivation, students hardly made any effort to indulge learnings from school. Historically, thus, homework came around as a means to improve student learning and was seen in two lights. As an alternative way to punish students and make them pay close attention to learning post class.
Secondly, as a motivation for students to indulge in greater learning after school hours. Irrespective of the approach, the objective was to ensure that students do not leave behind classroom learning. Rather they carry it along and work upon it after school to perform better in the longer run.
Let us take a brief look at the objectives with which homework was invented. Invariably, the earliest objectives of homework was not to burden students with unnecessary work, rather to add to their learning. Some of the objectives include-. There was a common conception that students seldom paid attention to class work once they left the premises, An out of sight, out of mind phenomenon was taking place. In such a situation, students came to class the next day with a clear slate, with almost no connection to the previous class.
In such a situation, establishing a connection between lessons of two consecutive days became difficult. Therefore, the first objective of homework is to reinforce the learning. The idea is simple, if students practice what they learn in class, it will establish a strong foundation.
Consequently, students will recall it easily in the next class, facilitating their learning. Whether desirable or not, each class and lesson with a time limit. Which means that a teacher has to complete his or her syllabus within that time frame. However, at times, some topics and students require more time than that. Inability to dedicate the extra time, results in partial learning.
Here comes the second objective for those who created homework. The idea is to encourage students to look back on their lessons and achieve conceptual clarity, when they have no time to bind them.
Thus, homework is a way to facilitate learning which is not within the confines of time, like classroom learning. In addition to facilitating inter class linkage from one day to the next, homework also enables practice and application. Results of homework assignments were just impressive; such teaching approach was used by other tutors moving forward.
He was the person who invented homework in far and made it a punishment to his students. Since time when was homework invented, this practice has become popular around the world. The end of the 19th century is notable due to significant changes in the education system.
Great developments were associated with some changes in terms how frequently and what kind of homework was given by a tutor. This all affected education quality. Teachers following the approach of a tutor who invented the homework considered the fulfillment of homework as a necessary type of training; it was a compulsory part of training. From that point of view, teaching can hardly move forward without home lessons. Homework was defined as one of forms of independent work. Attaching great importance to the ability of the student to learn independently.
In order for an at-home task to perform functions set by a tutor, it should meet the following criteria:. Learning at home can contribute to the general studying process. One of important tasks the modern school is facing is to improve quality of teaching. And homework is a great tool; a person who invented homework is a real hero in this regard. You can gain a lot of knowledge with a professional helper. Owing to Roberto Nevilis, an Italian pedagog who invented the homework, we can notice obvious improvement in the education system and its efficiency since Since time when was homework invented, there is a real improvement in the education sector.
Educators who adhere to traditional views on the learning process believe that home learning is an essential condition for efficient educational activities.
According to a person who invented homework, it is a way to develop students' initiative, independence, individuality, and creative imagination. The success of the teaching depends on the success of homework preparing. This aspect has been considered since time when was homework invented; organization of homework is the most difficult thing in the teaching and educational process.
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