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Both eyes will be red with a sticky discharge. The cornea may also be involved in this condition. Allergic conjunctivitis is usually associated with intense itching of the eyes. There may be a stringy discharge and the eyes are usually intermittently red.
This may occur at particular times of the year, for instance during spring and summer when there is a lot of pollen in the air. Small children may be susceptible to infective conjunctivitis and they may develop severe forms of the condition because of poor immune defences. This is particularly the case in babies and conjunctivitis in an infant aged less than one month old is a notifiable disease in the UK.
This type of conjunctivitis ophthalmia neonatorum may be due to an infection that has been contracted during the passage through the birth canal and may include gonococcal or chlamydial infection. Small babies may develop conjunctivitis from other types of infection but swabs should always be taken in order that appropriate treatment can be given. Small babies often have poorly developed tear drainage passages a condition known as nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
These children are susceptible to watering eyes and they may intermittently become sticky, but this is usually not serious. This is usually treated with broad spectrum antibiotic drops or ointment, eg chloramphenicol or fusidic acid.
The eyes should also be cleaned with cotton wool soaked in cooled boiled water to remove any crusts or stickiness. For bacterial conjunctivitis, research evidence shows that while 64 per cent of cases will clear on their own within five days, antibiotic eye medication does lead to increased cure rates and earlier remission. There is no effective treatment for viral conjunctivitis but the eyes may be made more comfortable by using a lubricant ointment such as Lacri-Lube.
Chloramphenicol ointment will also help to prevent secondary bacterial infection. As this is a highly contagious condition it is important to ensure that a strict code of hygiene is adhered to, such as hand and face washing and no sharing of face towels.
This condition may go on for a prolonged time and in some instances corticosteroid drops have been advocated although these should only be given under the strict supervision of an eye specialist ophthalmologist. Treatment is with chlorotetracycline ointment and tetracycline tablets in order to ensure that infection elsewhere is controlled.
Children cannot be treated with tetracycline and erythromycin is usually used for them. Because of the possible infection of other mucous membranes any associated venereal disease should be identified and both the patient and their partners must be treated.
This needs to be taken very seriously. Specimens are taken from the sticky discharge and such children must be seen by an ophthalmologist. Treatment is given depending on the underlying cause of the conjunctivitis. This can be treated using topical antihistamine drops. Drops such as sodium cromoglicate eg Opticrom eye drops can be used to prevent the allergic response and they need to be used for many weeks in order to give any result. Corticosteroid drops are occasionally used, but should only be used under the supervision of an ophthalmologist.
The main treatment should be identifying what is triggering off the allergic response and removing this source of allergen. The doctor will usually diagnose the condition based on examination of your eyes and the history that you give.
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