The business can be started easily at your home for less than Rs 50, You can start anywhere in India. The investment is depending upon location and production quantity. Starting a chalk business requires various procedure such as. For starting this business, you may need proper training and guidance. Basic facilities like electricity, water supply, and proper space for raw materials are also required for the starting of this business. The space required will be around to SQ FT.
It includes the machinery and storage space. The location should be near the target market such as schools and colleges. Now if you have decided to start this chalk business, then the main thing to know is the types of materials you may need to start. Don't worry you do not need to search every time regarding the price and other details, I have provided the details below -.
Machinery required. If you are planning for a small scale unit at your home, then no machine is required. Large scale machinery is required. For starting chalk making you require various molds and machines. There are two main types of machines: one is manual and the other is automatic machineries.
In today's market, there are many different types of machine available, you need to select the right machinery according to the production and budget. Manual Chalk Making machine types. The manual machine produces to chalk pieces per hour. A single batch produces pieces. The price starts from Rs to depending upon production capacity and features. One type of calk can be manufactured using a single machine. There are various parts in chalk machines such as Mold positioning switch, bearing block, frame, and tray round steel, tray bar.
Automatic chalk making machine. In this machine water supply, mixing of materials, filing, and removal of chalks is automatically done with the help of various machines. Electric clutch is provided for water supply.
The automatic machine produces to pieces per day. It saves labor and time, therefore, lower the production cost. The price starts from Rs 3 to 5 Lakh per machine. How to Buy Raw materials and Machinery. You can buy raw material and machinery from the local market or online websites such as Indiamart and Trade India.
You can compare the different machines and then buy the right according to your Power consumption, production capacity, and usage application. Also, check for warranty service and spare parts availability. There are various steps for making chalk described below.
In the manual process the mixing, lubricating, filling, removing, and collection of chalks is done by manual means whereas in automatic machines it is done with the help of machines. Steps for making chalks. Mixture Making - The process starts with a mixture of Plaster of Paris, china clay, and water. The uniform paste is formed according to the required quantity. Various colors are added if you want to manufacture colored chalks in the mixing process. Cleaning of Mold - Before pouring the mixture, lubricants are used for preparing the mold.
A mixture of groundnut oil and kerosene in the ratios of is used for preventing the mixture inside molds. The lubricants protect the mold surface from sticking the mixture to the mold and also helps to remove the chalks easily. After grinding, the chalk particles are sifted over vibrating screens to separate the finer particles. The particles are then mixed with water, extruded through a die of the proper size, and cut to the proper length.
Finally, the chalk is cured in an oven for four days. Chalk that is intended for the classroom must undergo stringent tests in order to perform well and be labeled nontoxic. All incoming materials are tested for purity before being used. After the chalk has been made into sticks, one stick from each batch is selected for tests. The density and break strength of the sample stick are determined.
The sample is then used to write with, and the quality of the mark is studied. Erasability is also studied. First, the chalk mark is erased using a dry eraser, and the quality of erasure is examined. Then, the chalkboard is washed, and again the amount of chalk left on the board is examined.
Furthermore, a sample from each batch is kept for five years so that it can be inspected if in the future its quality is questioned. Chalk for classroom use adheres to the American National Standards Institute performance standards. Written specifications state the proper length of the chalk stick, as well as how many sticks should go in a box. On November 18, , a Federal Act Public Law went into effect, mandating that all art materials sold in the United States must be evaluated by a qualified toxicologist who must then issue a label explaining their toxicity.
Toxicologists are concerned not with cost but with safety, and they must consider many factors before granting approval. Each ingredient, the quantity in which it is used, and its possible adverse reactions with other ingredients are studied. The product's size and packaging, its potential harm to humans, and its tendency to produce allergic reactions are also considered.
Toxicologists also take into account the products use and potential mis-use, as well as all federal and state regulations. Formulas for every color and every formula change must meet approval.
Classroom chalk is labeled "CP [certified product] nontoxic" if it meets the standards of the Art and Craft Materials Institute, a nonprofit manufacturers' association. This label certifies that art materials for children are nontoxic and meet voluntary standards of quality and performance, and that the toxicity of art materials for adults has been correctly labeled. To ensure honesty, most chalk manufacturers are tested at random by an independent toxicologist, who checks to see that they are meeting nontoxic standards.
Most manufacturers conform to such exacting standards because knowledgeable schools will not purchase chalk that is not properly labeled. Many people consider using chalk and chalk-boards to present material outdated. Some experts claim that teachers have stubbornly resisted new technologies that could improve teaching—and eliminate the chalkboard entirely. A study which recently investigated whether teaching with overhead projectors was more effective than using chalkboards concluded that chalkboards were more interactive, progressive, and fruitful.
A development much in the educational news lately is the electronic chalkboard. In place of a regular chalkboard, a teacher uses a large TV screen, inputting materials from a computer terminal. In a more advanced scenario, each student uses a terminal, to which the teacher sends information from a master computer. Experts claim that such set-ups are more visually exciting to students, more versatile than the old-fashioned chalkboards, cleaner than dusty chalk, easier for the teacher to use, and better able to present more complex material through the use of graphics and animation.
Many studies on the feasibility of electronic chalkboards have been made, however, and most seem to favor keeping the traditional chalkboard, at least for now. Electronic chalkboards that are sophisticated and easily readable lie beyond the budget constraints and technological capabilities of most schools.
Further, studies of the electronic system's effectiveness report that teachers who use it spent more time preparing their lessons, teachers and students were less interactive, students were dissatisfied with the electronic chalkboards, and the new devices divided the students' attention between the screen and the teacher conveying the information. Although the enthusiasm for electronic blackboards in some areas remains high, chalk use in the classroom is guaranteed for some time to come.
The most important of these is calcium carbonate and water-washed clay. If the chalk is to be colored, the particular color is likewise added in the form of dry, finely ground pigments. After all of the powders are well mixed, they are transferred to another large machine where a liquid "binder" is poured in to hold the dry particles together.
After the powders and their binder have swished around for a certain length of time, the chalk forms a kind of dough which looks like many small balls about the size of marbles. These little dough balls are then machine-pressed into a large, long shape, just like a solid cylinder.
This shape is called a cartridge. As a result of this pressing, air is forced out of the dough, and the moist particles in the dough are very closely bound to one another causing the chalk to be heavy and smooth textured. The cartridge, which is still damp and pliable, is then inserted into another machine called an extrusion press, where it is forced through a small tube.
As the long rope of wet chalk comes out, an automatic slicer cuts it into many pieces. These pieces roll down to a tray, and are ready to be cut again into regular size sticks of chalk 80 mm.
Since the pieces are still quite moist, they must be dried in large ovens, called kilns, before they become hard enough to be packed. Extruded chalk was described as "dustless". In the case of extruded chalk, however, the dust particles are weighted to fall straight down instead of flying through the air to make dust.
In other words, the dust in "dustless" chalk is chemically controlled. Both molded and extruded chalks are manufactured in a variety of colors and shapes. There are round sticks, long square ones, Triangle, and their uses are varied.
Chalks made for school and home are different from those needed in an art studio or factory; and just as in a family, no two members are alike even though they may resemble one another. Chalk that is intended for the classroom must undergo stringent tests in order to perform well and be labeled nontoxic. All incoming materials are tested for purity before being used. After the chalk has been made into sticks, one stick from each batch is selected for tests.
The density and break strength of the sample stick are determined. The sample is then used to write with, and the quality of the mark is studied.
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